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An asynchronous communication service or application does not require a constant bit rate. [2] Examples are file transfer, email and the World Wide Web. An example of the opposite, a synchronous communication service, is realtime streaming media, for example IP telephony, IPTV and video conferencing.
Practically all parallel communications protocols use synchronous transmission. For example, in a computer, address information is transmitted synchronously—the address bits over the address bus, and the read or write strobes of the control bus. Single-wire synchronous signalling
Asynchronous serial communication uses start and stop bits to signify the beginning and end of transmission. [20] This method of transmission is used when data are sent intermittently as opposed to in a solid stream. Synchronous transmission synchronizes transmission speeds at both the receiving and sending end of the transmission using clock ...
Synchronous serial communication describes a serial communication protocol in which "data is sent in a continuous stream at constant rate." [1]Synchronous communication requires that the clocks in the transmitting and receiving devices are synchronized – running at the same rate – so the receiver can sample the signal at the same time intervals used by the transmitter.
For example, the conductor of an orchestra keeps the orchestra synchronized or in time. Systems that operate with all parts in synchrony are said to be synchronous or in sync —and those that are not are asynchronous .
Synchronous communication can be built on top of asynchronous communication by using a Synchronizer. For example, the α-Synchronizer works by ensuring that the sender always waits for an acknowledgement message from the receiver. The sender only sends the next message after the acknowledgement has been received.
Clock gating in more conventional synchronous designs is an approximation of the asynchronous ideal, and in some cases, its simplicity may outweigh the advantages of a fully asynchronous design. Performance (speed) of asynchronous circuits may be reduced in architectures that require input-completeness (more complex data path).
For example, AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) can be used to asynchronously send text, JSON or XML messages to update part of a web page with more relevant information. Google uses this approach for their Google Suggest, a search feature which sends the user's partially typed queries to Google's servers and returns a list of possible full ...