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Phytomenadione, also known as vitamin K 1 or phylloquinone, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [6] [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8] It is used to treat certain bleeding disorders, [7] including warfarin overdose, vitamin K deficiency, and obstructive jaundice. [7]
Additional risk factors include 1) infants who never got a vitamin K shot at birth, even more so if they were solely breastfed, 2) infants who had mothers taking medications to treat seizures since these affect how the body uses vitamin K, 3) infants with diarrhea, cystic fibrosis, and celiac disease because this makes it hard to absorb ...
Menadione is converted to vitamin K 2 (specifically, MK-4) by the prenyltransferase action of vertebrate UBIAD1. [4] This reaction requires the hydroquinone (reduced) form of K 3, menadiol, produced by NQO1. [6] Menadione is also a circulating form of vitamin K, produced in small amounts (1–5%) after intestinal absorption of K 1 and K 2.
Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. [1] The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation ("K" from Danish koagulation, for "coagulation") or for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. [2]
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Therefore, the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that 0.5 to 1.0 mg Vitamin K 1 be administered to all newborns shortly after birth. [4] Postmenopausal and elderly women in Thailand have a high risk of Vitamin K 2 deficiency, compared with the normal value of young, reproductive females. [5]