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A function can also hold a promise object directly and do other processing first (including starting other asynchronous tasks), delaying awaiting the promise until its result is needed. Functions with promises also have promise aggregation methods that allow the program to await multiple promises at once or in some special pattern (such as C#'s ...
This leads to duplicating some functionality. For example: List comprehensions vs. for-loops; Conditional expressions vs. if blocks; The eval() vs. exec() built-in functions (in Python 2, exec is a statement); the former is for expressions, the latter is for statements
wait c, m, where c is a condition variable and m is a mutex (lock) associated with the monitor. This operation is called by a thread that needs to wait until the assertion P c is true before proceeding. While the thread is waiting, it does not occupy the monitor. The function, and fundamental contract, of the "wait" operation, is to do the ...
Then, they are joined again and leave the system. Thus, parallel programming requires synchronization as all the parallel processes wait for several other processes to occur. Producer-Consumer: In a producer-consumer relationship, the consumer process is dependent on the producer process until the necessary data has been produced.
The following example will fetch the src/ directory from a machine named iona using rsync and simultaneously update the libraries on which this program depends, before building the combination. #!/usr/bin/env bash # Parallel update script which makes use of the wait command # Update local copy rsync iona:src/ .
In the function numberFromInfiniteList, the value of infinity is an infinite range, but until an actual value (or more specifically, a specific value at a certain index) is needed, the list is not evaluated, and even then, it is only evaluated as needed (that is, until the desired index.) Provided the programmer is careful, the program ...
Illustration of the dining philosophers problem. Each philosopher has a bowl of spaghetti and can reach two of the forks. In computer science, the dining philosophers problem is an example problem often used in concurrent algorithm design to illustrate synchronization issues and techniques for resolving them.
Global data is defined outside functions and can be accessed by more than one function, either in the form of global variables (data shared between all functions), or as static variables (data shared by all invocations of the same function). In object-oriented programming, global data is defined in the scope of a class and can be private ...