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A bullshit job or pseudowork [1] is meaningless or unnecessary wage labour which the worker is obliged to pretend to have a purpose. [2] The concept was coined by anthropologist David Graeber in a 2013 essay in Strike Magazine, On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs, and elaborated upon in his 2018 book Bullshit Jobs.
Bullshit Jobs: A Theory is a 2018 book by anthropologist David Graeber that postulates the existence of meaningless jobs and analyzes their societal harm. He contends that over half of societal work is pointless and becomes psychologically destructive when paired with a work ethic that associates work with self-worth.
Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is employee's behavior that goes against the legitimate interests of an organization. [ 1 ] This behavior can harm the organization, other people within it, and other people and organizations outside it, including employers, other employees, suppliers, clients, patients and citizens.
Sociology of leisure is the study of how humans organize their free time. Leisure includes a broad array of activities, such as sport, tourism, and the playing of games. The sociology of leisure is closely tied to the sociology of work, as each explores a different side of the work–leisure relationship.
Underload: Having work that fails to use a worker's skills and abilities. [59] Workload as a work demand is a major component of the demand-control model of stress. [11] This model suggests that jobs with high demands can be stressful, especially when the individual has low control over the job.
The study of work. 'Work' is used here to refer to any social activity. The analytic interest is in how that work is accomplished within the setting in which it is performed. The haecceity of work. Just what makes an activity what it is? e.g. what makes a test a test, a competition a competition, or a definition a definition?
While the concept of social control has been around since the formation of organized sociology, the meaning has been altered over time. Originally, the concept simply referred to society's ability to regulate itself. [11] However, in the 1930s, the term took on its more modern meaning of an individual's conversion to conformity. [11]
Pure sociology explains social life with its social geometry. [9] Social life refers to any instance of human behavior—such as law, suicide, gossip, or art — while the social geometry of a behavior, also called its social structure, refers to the social characteristics of those involved—such as their degree of past interaction or their level of wealth.