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The sciatic nerve comprises nerve roots L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3 in the spine. [26] These nerve roots merge in the pelvic cavity to form the sacral plexus and the sciatic nerve branches from that. Sciatica symptoms can occur when there is pathology anywhere along the course of these nerves. [27]
Spinal or neurogenic claudication is not due to lack of blood supply, but rather it is caused by nerve root compression or stenosis of the spinal canal, [1] usually from a degenerative spine, most often at the "L4-L5" or "L5-S1" level.
Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina is damaged. [2] Signs and symptoms include low back pain, pain that radiates down the leg, numbness around the anus, and loss of bowel or bladder control. [1]
L4-S1 Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fasciae latae: Inferior gluteal: L5-S2 Gluteus maximus: Posterior cutaneous femoral. Inferior cluneal nerves; Perineal branches; S1-S3 Perforating cutaneous: S2-S3 Direct branches from plexus Piriformis; S1-2 Piriformis: Obturator internus; L5, S1-2 Obturator internus and Superior gemellus: Quadratus ...
Inguinal hernias: A bulge in the groin area that can cause pain, especially with exertion. Inguinal hernias occur when abdominal tissue protrudes through a weakness in the abdominal wall, explains ...
L5 – On the dorsum of the foot at the third metatarsophalangeal joint. S1 – On the lateral aspect of the calcaneus. S2 – At the midpoint of the popliteal fossa. S3 – Over the tuberosity of the ischium or intragluteal fold; S4 and S5 – In the perianal area, less than one cm lateral to the mucocutaneous zone
If the symptoms are caused by peripheral artery disease, the patient will experience claudication, a sensation of not getting enough blood to the legs; if the symptoms are caused by lumbar stenosis, symptoms will be relieved when the patient is leaning forward while bicycling. Although diagnostic progress has been made with newer technical ...
Most patients with spondylolysis do not require surgery but, if the symptoms are not relieved with non-surgical treatments, or when the condition progresses to high grade spondylolisthesis, then patients may require surgery. [23] Spinal fusion: This procedure is recommended when a set of vertebrae becomes loose or unstable. The surgeon joins ...