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For example, a 14-bit ADC can produce 16-bit 48 kHz audio if operated at 16× oversampling, or 768 kHz. Oversampled PCM, therefore, exchanges fewer bits per sample for more samples to obtain the same resolution. Dynamic range can also be enhanced with oversampling at signal reconstruction, absent oversampling at the source.
Rice coding is the optimal bit coding for this type of data, and WavPack's encoder is less efficient, but only by about 0.15 bits per sample (or less than 1% for 16-bit data). However, there are some advantages in exchange.
Ultimately Sony prevailed on both sample rate (44.1 kHz) and bit depth (16 bits per sample, rather than 14 bits per sample). The technical reasoning behind the rate being chosen is associated with characteristics of human hearing and early digital audio recording systems as described below. [1]: sec. 8.5
Dual 16-bit, 1.6-GSPS, TxDAC+ D/A Converter Synthesizes High-Quality Wideband Signals from Baseband to High Intermediate Frequencies ADI's AD9142 D/A converter features a proprietary low spurious ...
Sample rate Bit rate Bits per sample Latency CBR VBR Stereo Multichannel G.711: companding A-law or μ-law, PCM: 8 kHz 64 kbit/s 8 bit 125 μs (typical) Yes No No No G.711.0: Lossless compression of G.711: 8 kHz 0.2–65.6 kbit/s 8 bit 5–40 ms No Yes No No G.711.1: MDCT, A-law, μ-law: 8, 16 kHz 64, 80, 96 kbit/s 16 bit 11.875 ms Yes Yes No No
Delta modulation is a form of DPCM that uses one bit per sample to indicate whether the signal is increasing or decreasing compared to the previous sample. In telephony, a standard audio signal for a single phone call is encoded as 8,000 samples per second, of 8 bits each, giving a 64 kbit/s digital signal known as DS0.
LPCM is also the standard audio coding format for audio CDs, which store two-channel LPCM audio sampled at 44.1 kHz with 16 bits per sample. Since LPCM is uncompressed and retains all of the samples of an audio track, professional users or audio experts may use the WAV format with LPCM audio for maximum audio quality. [ 9 ]
CD audio, for example, has a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz (44,100 samples per second), and has 16-bit resolution for each stereo channel. Analog signals that have not already been bandlimited must be passed through an anti-aliasing filter before conversion, to prevent the aliasing distortion that is caused by audio signals with frequencies higher ...