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Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, [9] the religion's founder. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims , who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians .
With about 1.8 billion followers (2015), almost a quarter of earth's population, [111] Islam is the second-largest and the fastest-growing religion in the world, [112] primarily due to the young age and high fertility rate of Muslims, [113] with Muslims having a rate of (3.1) compared to the world average of (2.5).
The Middle East-North Africa region hosts 23% of the world's Muslims, and Islam is the dominant religion in every country in the region [26] other than Israel. [ 12 ] The country with the single largest population of Muslims is Indonesia in Southeast Asia , which on its own hosts 13% of the world's Muslims. [ 27 ]
The list of religious populations article provides a comprehensive overview of the distribution and size of religious groups around the world. This article aims to present statistical information on the number of adherents to various religions, including major faiths such as Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and others, as well as smaller religious communities.
Despite this, Islam remains, on the global level, the second religion with the second largest number of net converts into the religion, with about 420,000 more people converting to Islam than leaving Islam between 2015 and 2020. [48] This number being surpassed by the number of people (7,570,000) switching from "religious" to "unaffiliated". [49]
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
These perceived deviations from normative Islamic thought have resulted in severe persecution of Ahmadis in various Muslim-majority countries, [94] particularly Pakistan, [94] [106] where they have been branded as Non-Muslims and their Islamic religious practices are punishable by the Ahmadi-Specific laws in the penal code. [107]
The Formation of Islam, Cambridge University Press, 2003 (ISBN 978-0-521-58813-3). Devin De Weese, Devin A, Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde, Penn State University Press, 1994 (ISBN 978-0-271-01073-1). Eaton, Richard M. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1993 1993.