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The number of modes in a k-mer spectrum for a species's genome varies, with most species having a unimodal distribution. [7] However, all mammals have a multimodal distribution. The number of modes within a k -mer spectrum can vary between regions of genomes as well: humans have unimodal k -mer spectra in 5' UTRs and exons but multimodal ...
where is the background frequency for letter . This corresponds to the Kullback–Leibler divergence or relative entropy. However, it has been shown that when using PSSM to search genomic sequences (see below) this uniform correction can lead to overestimation of the importance of the different bases in a motif, due to the uneven distribution ...
Alignment-free methods can broadly be classified into five categories: a) methods based on k-mer/word frequency, b) methods based on the length of common substrings, c) methods based on the number of (spaced) word matches, d) methods based on micro-alignments, e) methods based on information theory and f) methods based on graphical representation.
Frequency allocation (or spectrum allocation) is the part of spectrum management dealing with the designation and regulation of the electromagnetic spectrum into frequency bands, normally done by governments in most countries. [1]
Benford's law, which describes the frequency of the first digit of many naturally occurring data. The ideal and robust soliton distributions. Zipf's law or the Zipf distribution. A discrete power-law distribution, the most famous example of which is the description of the frequency of words in the English language.
A time–frequency representation (TFR) is a view of a signal (taken to be a function of time) represented over both time and frequency. [1] Time–frequency analysis means analysis into the time–frequency domain provided by a TFR. This is achieved by using a formulation often called "Time–Frequency Distribution", abbreviated as TFD.
Time/frequency distribution. The main application of the Gabor transform is used in time–frequency analysis.Take the following function as an example. The input signal has 1 Hz frequency component when t ≤ 0 and has 2 Hz frequency component when t > 0
Genome skimming allows for assembly of high-copy fractions of the genome into contiguous, complete genomes. Genome skimming is a sequencing approach that uses low-pass, shallow sequencing of a genome (up to 5%), to generate fragments of DNA, known as genome skims.