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A letter indicating the role of each official appears on the back of the shirt at some levels, while NFL officials have numbers with a small letter or letters above. Shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks, an American flag was added to the shirts of NFL officials, but was removed in 2006. The stripes were introduced in the 1920s.
The numbers on the front and back are very large, covering most of the jersey. Certain numbers may only be worn by players in specific positions, thus assisting the officials in determining penalties. At all levels of football, each player dressed for a game must wear a unique number from 0 to 99.
The relative positions of American football officials in a seven-official system: The Referee (R) positions himself behind the offensive team, favoring the right side if the quarterback is a right-handed passer. The Umpire (U) stands behind the defensive line and linebackers. The Head Linesman (H) stands at one end of the line of scrimmage.
The earliest numbering systems were significantly different from the modern variation. Until the 1920s, when the NFL limited its rosters to 22 players, it was rare to see player numbers much higher than 25 (Red Grange was a notable exception, wearing 77 with the Chicago Bears while playing halfback, which would not be allowed under current NFL rules), and numbers had little correlation with ...
Coaches, having no motivation to publicize their plans, usually adopt cryptic codes for certain positions, using letters, numbers, or short names for their convenience. One set of designations which has been making the rounds, as of this writing on Web sites, purporting to explain football is the letters X, Y, and Z to designate receivers.
In American football, the specific role that a player takes on the field is referred to as their "position". Under the modern rules of American football, both teams are allowed 11 players [1] on the field at one time and have "unlimited free substitutions", meaning that they may change any number of players during any "dead ball" situation.
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English: The relative positions of American and Canadian football officials in a eight-official system: The Referee (R) positions himself behind the offensive team, favoring the right side if the quarterback is a right-handed passer. The Center Judge (C) positions himself behind the offensive team, on the opposite side of the referee.