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Typically such words are formed by abbreviating or altering the original word and adding "-er". Words to which "-er" is simply suffixed to provide a word with a different, though related, meaning – such as "Peeler" (early Metropolitan policeman, after Sir Robert Peel) and "exhibitioner" (an undergraduate holding a type of scholarship called ...
Additionally, some words may sound unnatural without rhotacization, as is the case with 花 or 花儿 (huā or huār 'flower'). [11] In these cases, the erhua serves to label the word as a noun (and sometimes a specific noun among a group of homophones). Since in modern Mandarin many single-syllable words (in which there are both nouns and ...
In modern American English, most of these words have the ending -er. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] The difference is most common for words ending in -bre or -tre : British spellings calibre , centre , fibre , goitre , litre , lustre , manoeuvre , meagre , metre (length) , mitre , nitre , ochre , reconnoitre , sabre , saltpetre , sepulchre , sombre , spectre ...
For ease of use, the [i] in front of the last name, and the ending _ve, were dropped. If the last name ends in [a], then removing the [j] would give the name of the patriarch or the place, as in, Grudaj - j = Gruda (place in MM). Otherwise, removing the whole ending [aj] yields the name of founder or place of origin, as in Lekaj - aj = Lek(ë).
ne’er (informal) never no one's: no one has / no one is o’clock: of the clock o’er: over ol’ old ought’ve: ought have oughtn’t: ought not oughtn’t’ve: ought not have ’round: around ’s: is, has, does, us / possessive shalln’t: shall not (archaic) shan’ shall not shan’t: shall not she’d: she had / she would she’ll ...
In Dutch, whenever the suffix -er (which has several meanings) is attached to a word already ending in -r, an additional -d-is inserted in between. For example, the comparative form of the adjective zoet (' sweet ') is zoeter, but the comparative of zuur (' sour ') is zuurder and not the expected ** zurer.
For a time, almost all words with the -or ending (such as error) were once spelled -our , and almost all words with the -er ending (such as member) were once spelled -re . In American spelling, most of them now use -or and -er, but in British spelling, only some have been reformed.
-kje for words ending in -ing: koning (king) → koninkje (the 'ng'-sound transforms into 'nk'), but vondeling → vondelingetje (foundling)-tje for words ending in -h, -j, -l, -n, -r, -w, or a vowel other than -y: zoen → zoentje (kiss), boei → boeitje (buoy), appel → appeltje (apple), ei → eitje (egg), keu → keutje (billiard cue).