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  2. Upstream contamination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_contamination

    Particles can climb up the falling water while preparing a mate beverage. Upstream contamination by floating particles is a counterintuitive phenomenon in fluid dynamics. When pouring water from a higher container to a lower one, particles floating in the latter can climb upstream into the upper container.

  3. Vacuum evaporation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_evaporation

    The vacuum evaporation treatment process consists of reducing the interior pressure of the evaporation chamber below atmospheric pressure. This reduces the boiling point of the liquid to be evaporated, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for heat in both the boiling and condensation processes.

  4. Shade ball - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shade_ball

    A shade ball is a small plastic sphere floated on top of a reservoir for environmental reasons, including to slow evaporation and prevent sunlight from causing reactions among chemical compounds present in the water. Also known as bird balls, they were developed initially to prevent birds from landing on bodies of water.

  5. Evaporation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation

    Rain evaporating after falling on hot pavement. Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. [1] A high concentration of the evaporating substance in the surrounding gas significantly slows down evaporation, such as when humidity affects rate of evaporation of water. [2]

  6. Vacuum drying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_drying

    This decreases the boiling point of water inside that product and thereby increases the rate of evaporation significantly. The result is a significantly increased drying rate of the product. [ 2 ] The vacuum drying process is a batch operation performed at reduced pressures and lower relative humidity compared to ambient pressure, enabling ...

  7. Splash (fluid mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splash_(fluid_mechanics)

    Slow motion video of a fruit falling into water. In fluid mechanics, a splash is a sudden disturbance to the otherwise quiescent free surface of a liquid (usually water).The disturbance is typically caused by a solid object suddenly hitting the surface, although splashes can occur in which moving liquid supplies the energy.

  8. Multiple-effect evaporator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-effect_evaporator

    diagram of a double-effect falling film evaporator. Condensing vapors from flash tank B1 heat evaporator A2. •1=feed •2=product •3=steam •4=vapors. In chemical engineering, a multiple-effect evaporator is an apparatus for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water. [1]

  9. Flash evaporation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_evaporation

    The water is heated and then routed into a reduced-pressure flash evaporation "stage" where some of the water flashes into steam. This steam is subsequently condensed into salt-free water. The residual salty liquid from that first stage is introduced into a second flash evaporation stage at a pressure lower than the first stage pressure.