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Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced downwards towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart. [1] EA has great anatomical heterogeneity that generates a wide spectrum of clinical features at presentation and is complicated by the fact that the ...
Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella, use of certain medications or drugs such as alcohol or tobacco, parents being closely related, or poor nutritional status or obesity in the mother. [3] [5] Having a parent with a congenital heart defect is also a risk factor. [12]
Ebstein's anomaly; Ectopia cordis; Encephalocele; Endocardial cushion defect; Esophageal atresia; Exstrophy of the bladder; Fetal alcohol syndrome; First arch syndrome; Focal femoral hypoplasia; Gastrointestinal atresia; Gastroschisis; Holoprosencephaly; Hydranencephaly; Hydronephrosis; Hydrops fetalis; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome ...
Ebstein's anomaly – A congenital heart defect that results in the tricuspid valve leaflets being deeper in the heart (toward the apex) than normal. The annulus of the valve is in the correct position, however, and the portion of the ventricle affected becomes "atrialized" with thinner walls.
The majority of cases can be diagnosed prenatally during a routine anomaly scan. If evidence of a congenital heart disease is found, the diagnosis can be confirmed by a foetal echocardiogram . If it is not diagnosed prenatally, it may be diagnosed shortly after birth with physical examination, which would reveal cyanosis and murmur.
Risk factors: Alcohol, diabetes, >40, rubella during pregnancy [5] Diagnostic method: Based on symptoms, echocardiogram [6] Differential diagnosis: Transposition of the great arteries, Eisenmenger syndrome, Ebstein anomaly [7] Treatment: Open heart surgery [8] Frequency: 1 in 2,000 babies [4]
Eight members of the OPEC+ alliance of oil exporting countries decided Thursday to put off increasing oil production as they face weaker than expected demand and competing production from non ...
Ebstein's anomaly is an abnormality of the tricuspid valve, and its presence can lead to tricuspid valve regurgitation. [16] [18] A bicuspid aortic valve [16] is an aortic valve with only 2 cusps as opposed to the normal 3. It is present in about 0.5% to 2% of the general population and causes increased calcification due to higher turbulent ...