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The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, described as the world's largest lake and usually referred to as a full-fledged sea. [2] [3] [4] An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia: east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia, south of the fertile plains of Southern Russia in Eastern Europe, and north of the mountainous Iranian Plateau.
Lowest point: Caspian Sea level: −28 m [1] Highest point: Mount Damavand: 18,403 feet (5,609 m) [1] See also. Extreme points of Earth; Geography of Iran; References
Geologically, the Caspian Sea, like the Black and Mediterranean seas, is a remnant of the ancient Tethys Ocean. The deepest area is oceanic rather than continental crust. However, it is generally regarded by geographers as a large endorheic salt lake. Of these registered lakes; 10 have a deepest point above the sea level.
Caspian Sea and its shores: Azerbaijan, Russia, and Kazakhstan: −28 m (−92 ft) Caspian Depression: 1= Baku: Azerbaijan: −28 m (−92 ft) lowest lying national capital in the world, Caspian Depression: 3: Atyrau Airport: Kazakhstan: −22 m (−72 ft) lowest international airport, Caspian Depression: 4= Lammefjord: Denmark: −7 m (−23 ...
The surface of the lake is 455.5 m (1,494 ft) above sea level, while the bottom of the lake is 1,186.5 m (3,893 ft; 648.8 fathoms) below sea level, and below this lies some 7 km (4.3 mi) of sediment, placing the rift floor some 8–11 km (5.0–6.8 mi) below the surface, the deepest continental rift on Earth. [5]
The Caspian Sea, while larger than Lake Superior in both surface area and volume, is brackish. Lake Superior's deepest point [4] on the bathymetric map. [1] Lake Superior has a surface area of 31,700 square miles (82,103 km 2), [7] which is approximately the size of South Carolina or Austria.
In 18th century maps of the Caspian Sea the gulf was known as 'Balkan Gulf' or 'Balchan Gulf' and was assumed to be much deeper. It was first accurately cartographed by Fedor Ivanovich Soimonov during the 1719 Caspian Expedition which surveyed the Caspian Sea from 1719 to 1727.
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