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The three basic segments of the typical insect antenna are the scape or scapus (base), the pedicel or pedicellus (stem), and finally the flagellum, which often comprises many units known as flagellomeres. [10] The pedicel (the second segment) contains the Johnston's organ which is a collection of sensory cells. [11]
The Johnston's organ is located in the pedicel (the second segment) of the insect antennae, and it detects the position and the movement of the flagellum (the third segment of the antennae) relative to the pedicel. [21] Johnston's organ exists in nearly all orders of insects. [2]
The number of segments in an antenna varies amongst insects, with higher flies having 3-6 segments, [21] while adult cockroaches can have over 140. [22] The general shape of the antennae is also quite variable, but the first segment (the one attached to the head) is always called the scape, and the second segment is called the pedicel.
Brachycera antenna Planthopper nymph (immature). Antenna displaying an arista. In insect anatomy, the arista is a simple or variously modified apical or subapical bristle, arising from the third antennal segment. It is the evolutionary remains of antennal segments, and may sometimes show signs of segmentation. These segments are called aristameres.
The antennae of insects consist of just three segments: the scape, the pedicel and the flagellum. Muscles occur only in the first two segments. The third segment, the flagellum, has no muscles and is composed of a various number of annuli. This type of antenna is therefore called an annulated antenna.
When antennae were manipulated to vibrate at a range of frequencies and the resulting signals from the neurons associated with the Johnston's organs were measured, the response of the scolopidia neurons to the frequency was tightly coupled in the range of 50–70 Hz, which is the predicted range of vibrations caused by Coriolis effects. Thus ...
A food safety expert weighs in on flour bugs, also known as weevils, that can infest your pantry after one TikToker found her flour infested with the crawlers.
Some moths have knobbed antennae akin to those of butterflies, such as the family Castniidae. [18] Antennae are the primary organs of olfaction (smell) in Lepidoptera. The antenna surface is covered with large numbers of olfactory scales, hairs, or pits; as many as 1,370,000 are found on the antennae of a monarch. Antennae are extremely ...