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Insect mouthparts show a multitude of different functional mechanisms across the wide diversity of insect species. It is common for significant homology to be conserved, with matching structures forming from matching primordia , and having the same evolutionary origin.
The mouthparts of orthopteran insects are often used as a basic example of mandibulate (chewing) mouthparts, and the mandibles themselves are likewise generalized in structure. They are large and hardened, shaped like pinchers, with cutting surfaces on the distal portion and chewing or grinding surfaces basally .
The insect mouthparts consist of the maxilla, labium, and in some species, the mandibles. [8]: 16 [23] The labrum is a simple, fused sclerite, often called the upper lip, and moves longitudinally. It is hinged to the clypeus.
In general, arthropods have mouthparts for cutting, chewing, piercing, sucking, shredding, siphoning, and filtering. This article outlines the basic elements of four arthropod groups: insects, myriapods, crustaceans and chelicerates. Insects are used as the model, with the novel mouthparts of the other groups introduced in turn.
The development of insect mouthparts from the primitive chewing mouthparts of a grasshopper in the centre (A), to the lapping type (B) and the siphoning type (C). Legend: a - antennae c - compound eye lb -labium lr - labrum md - mandibles mx - maxillae. The insect mouthparts consist of the maxilla, labium, and in some species the mandibles.
While mandibles or jaws (chewing mouthparts) are only present in the caterpillar stage, the mouthparts of most adult Lepidoptera mainly consist of the sucking kind; this part is known as the proboscis or haustellum. A few Lepidoptera species have reduced mouthparts and do not feed in the adult state.
Hemiptera is the largest order of hemimetabolous insects (not undergoing complete metamorphosis; though some examples such as male scale insects do undergo a form of complete metamorphosis [11]), containing over 95,000 named species. Other insect orders with more species are all holometabolous, meaning they have a pupal stage and undergo ...
[1] [2] Their mouthparts are entognathous, meaning that they are retracted within the head, unlike the insects. [1] Entognatha are apterous , meaning that they lack wings . The class contains three orders : Collembola ( springtails , 9000 species), [ 3 ] Diplura ("two-tail", 1000 species) [ 4 ] and Protura ("first-tail", 800 species).