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Data science is multifaceted and can be described as a science, a research paradigm, a research method, a discipline, a workflow, and a profession. [4] Data science is "a concept to unify statistics, data analysis, informatics, and their related methods" to "understand and analyze actual phenomena" with data. [5]
Data science process flowchart from Doing Data Science, by Schutt & O'Neil (2013) Analysis refers to dividing a whole into its separate components for individual examination. [ 10 ] Data analysis is a process for obtaining raw data , and subsequently converting it into information useful for decision-making by users. [ 1 ]
Analytics is the systematic computational analysis of data or statistics. [1] It is used for the discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patterns in data, which also falls under and directly relates to the umbrella term, data science. [2] Analytics also entails applying data patterns toward effective decision-making.
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When Harvard Business Review called data scientist "The Sexiest Job of the 21st Century" the term became a buzzword, [4] and is now often applied to business analytics, or even arbitrary use of data, or used as a term for statistics. While many university programs now offer a data science degree, there exists no consensus on a definition or ...
Data science process flowchart. John W. Tukey wrote the book Exploratory Data Analysis in 1977. [6] Tukey held that too much emphasis in statistics was placed on statistical hypothesis testing (confirmatory data analysis); more emphasis needed to be placed on using data to suggest hypotheses to test.
Data engineering refers to the building of systems to enable the collection and usage of data. This data is usually used to enable subsequent analysis and data science, which often involves machine learning. [1] [2] Making the data usable usually involves substantial compute and storage, as well as data processing.
Information science [1] [2] [3] is an academic field which is primarily concerned with analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information. [4]