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These birthmarks may be present at birth, or appear in early childhood, and do not fade much with age. [4] One or two on an individual is common; [4] however, four or more may be an indicator of neurofibromatosis. [4] In the event of weight gain, the birthmark can stretch with the skin and become larger.
Ectopia cordis (from Greek 'away, out of place' and Latin 'heart') or ectopic heart is a congenital malformation in which the heart is abnormally located either partially or totally outside of the thorax. The ectopic heart can be found along a spectrum of anatomical locations, including the neck, chest, or abdomen.
Harlequin-type ichthyosis is caused by mutations in the ABCA12 gene. [4] This gene codes for a protein necessary for transporting lipids out of cells in the outermost layer of skin. [4] The disorder is autosomal recessive and inherited from parents who are carriers. [4] Diagnosis is often based on appearance at birth and confirmed by genetic ...
The fetal circulation is composed of the placenta, umbilical blood vessels encapsulated by the umbilical cord, heart and systemic blood vessels. A major difference between the fetal circulation and postnatal circulation is that the lungs are not used during the fetal stage resulting in the presence of shunts to move oxygenated blood and ...
The congenital melanocytic nevus is a type of melanocytic nevus (or mole) found in infants at birth. This type of birthmark occurs in an estimated 1% of infants worldwide; it is located in the area of the head and neck 15% of the time.
The most common heart malformations from genetic or epigenetic problems are: stenosis of the aorta and pulmonary trunk, which is a narrowing of the vessels, atrial and/or ventricular septal defect, tricuspid atresia, and hypoplastic left and right heart syndrome. When an individual has hypoplastic right or left heart syndrome, it means that ...
An infantile hemangioma (IH), sometimes called a strawberry mark due to appearance, is a type of benign vascular tumor or anomaly that affects babies. [1] [2] Other names include capillary hemangioma, [6] "strawberry hemangioma", [7]: 593 strawberry birthmark [8] and strawberry nevus.
Infant with cyanosis due to hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Closing of the ductus arteriosus in a heart that is severely underdeveloped on the left results in cyanosis and respiratory distress which can progress to cardiogenic shock and death. Early symptoms might include poor feeding or cyanosis that does not respond to oxygen administration.