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In epidemiology, attributable fraction among the exposed (AF e) is the proportion of incidents in the exposed group that are attributable to the risk factor. The term attributable risk percent among the exposed is used if the fraction is expressed as a percentage. [ 1 ]
In epidemiology, preventable fraction among the unexposed (PFu), is the proportion of incidents in the unexposed group that could be prevented by exposure.It is calculated as = / =, where is the incidence in the exposed group, is the incidence in the unexposed group, and is the relative risk.
For example, in 1953 Levin's paper estimated that lung cancer has a relative risk of 3.6–13.4 in smokers compared to non-smokers, and that the proportion of the population exposed to smoking was 0.5–0.96, resulting in the high AF p value of 0.56–0.92. [6]
The number of infections equals the cases identified in the study or observed. An example would be HIV infection during a specific time period in the defined population. The population at risk are the cases appearing in the population during the same time period. An example would be all the people in a city during a specific time period.
The formula for calculating the NEPP is = where N = population size,; P d = prevalence of the disease,; P e = proportion eligible for treatment,; r u = risk of the event of interest in the untreated group or baseline risk over appropriate time period (this can be multiplied by life expectancy to produce life-years),
In epidemiology, case fatality rate (CFR) – or sometimes more accurately case-fatality risk – is the proportion of people who have been diagnosed with a certain disease and end up dying of it. Unlike a disease's mortality rate, the CFR does not take into account the time period between disease onset and death. A CFR is generally expressed ...
Firstly, a proportional measure of the extent of infection is chosen as the disease extent metric. For example, the metric might be the proportion of leaf area affected by mildew or the proportion of plants in a population showing dieback lesions. Measures of disease extent are then taken over time, and a mathematical model is fitted. The model ...
In epidemiology, preventable fraction for the population (PFp), is the proportion of incidents in the population that could be prevented by exposing the whole population. It is calculated as P F p = ( I p − I e ) / I p {\displaystyle PF_{p}=(I_{p}-I_{e})/I_{p}} , where I e {\displaystyle I_{e}} is the incidence in the exposed group, I p ...