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During World War II, the diagnosis for shell shock was replaced with combat stress reaction. [6] [2] [3] These diagnoses resulted from soldiers being in combat for long periods of time. [2] There was some skepticism surrounding this diagnosis as some military leadership, including George S. Patton did not believe "battle fatigue" to be real. [2]
In World War I, shell shock was considered a psychiatric illness resulting from injury to the nerves during combat. The nature of trench warfare meant that about 10% of the fighting soldiers were killed (compared to 4.5% during World War II) and the total proportion of troops who became casualties (killed or wounded) was about 57%. [2]
However, in 1937, symptoms re-appeared, showing that the disease was still active, and by the start of 1942, signs were evident that progressive syphilitic paralysis (Tabes dorsalis) was occurring. Himmler advised Kersten that Theodor Morell (who in the 1930s claimed to be a specialist venereologist ) was in charge of Hitler's treatment, and ...
In World War II and beyond, the diagnosis of "shell shock" was replaced by that of combat stress reaction, which is a similar but not identical response to the trauma of warfare and bombardment. Despite medical alerts, long-term trouble was disregarded as a cowardice and weakness of mind by military leadership. [ 5 ]
In the case of Hitler, psychopathography poses particular problems. First, authors who write about Hitler's personal matters have to deal with the problem that a possibly voyeuristic readership uncritically accepts even the most sparsely proven speculations – such as that which happened in the case of Lothar Machtan 's book The Hidden Hitler ...
The Soviet Union lost around 27 million people during the war, about half of all World War II casualties. [14] The largest number of civilian deaths in a single city was 1.2 million citizens dead during the 872-day Siege of Leningrad. Children have also been directly impacted by war.
List of medical symptoms. Medical symptoms refer to the manifestations or indications of a disease or condition, perceived and complained about by the patient. [1] [2] Patients observe these symptoms and seek medical advice from healthcare professionals.
At least 300 students at 14 schools reported similar symptoms to those experienced by the characters in a then recent episode where a life-threatening virus affected the school depicted in the show. [47] Symptoms included rashes, difficulty breathing, and dizziness. The belief that there was a medical outbreak forced some schools to temporarily ...