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Universal neonatal hearing screening (UNHS), which is part of early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) programmes, refer to those services aimed at screening hearing of all newborns, regardless of the presence of a risk factor for hearing loss. UNHS is the first step in the EHDI program which indicates whether a newborn requires further ...
From 1993 to 1996, NCHAM directed a National Consortium for Newborn Hearing Screening that resulted in over 100 hospitals in 10 states implementing newborn hearing screening programs. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] From 1996 to 2000, NCHAM staff worked with newborn hearing screening programs in 35 states and provided direct assistance to over 200 ...
Newborn screening programs initially used screening criteria based largely on criteria established by JMG Wilson and F. Jungner in 1968. [6] Although not specifically about newborn population screening programs, their publication, Principles and practice of screening for disease proposed ten criteria that screening programs should meet before being used as a public health measure.
Screening measures require careful construction, research, and a high level of proof. High quality screens are ones that have been standardized (meaning administered in exactly the same way every time) on a large current (meaning in the last decade) nationally representative sample.
Across the world, screening programs are important for identifying children who have a need for spectacles but either do not wear any or have the wrong prescription. [14] Often, children who are suspected of having amblyopia are too young to be able to verbally recognize letters on the Snellen chart, making the eye examination challenging. [13]
It was validated both at the hospital and the community level against the standard Denver Developmental Screening Test. [2] With a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 78.8%, it can be used even by community level health worker for mass screening and takes around 5 minutes to complete. [2]
Near visual acuity or near vision is a measure of how clearly a person can see nearby small objects or letters.Visual acuity in general usually refers clarity of distance vision, and is measured using eye charts like Snellen chart, LogMAR chart etc. Near vision is usually measured and recorded using a printed hand-held card containing different sized paragraphs, words, letters or symbols.
The screening for neuroblastoma, the most common malignant solid tumor in children, in Japan is a very good example of why a screening program must be evaluated rigorously before it is implemented. In 1981, Japan started a program of screening for neuroblastoma by measuring homovanillic acid and vanilmandelic acid in urine samples of six-month ...