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ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is a journaling file system for Linux, developed as the successor to ext3.. ext4 was initially a series of backward-compatible extensions to ext3, many of them originally developed by Cluster File Systems for the Lustre file system between 2003 and 2006, meant to extend storage limits and add other performance improvements. [4]
It is also used in Chromecast, [2] in Tiny Core Linux for packaging extensions, and for the system partitions of some Android releases (Android Nougat). [3] It is often combined with a union mount filesystem, such as UnionFS , OverlayFS , or aufs , to provide a read-write environment for live Linux distributions.
[4] [2] It was the first implementation that used the virtual file system (VFS), for which support was added in the Linux kernel in version 0.96c, and it could handle file systems up to 2 gigabytes (GB) in size. [2] ext was the first in the series of extended file systems.
list file attributes on a Linux second extended file system mke2fs used for creating ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems resize2fs which can expand and shrink ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems. On-line support was added in 2006. [2] tune2fs used to modify file system parameters. Many of these utilities are based on the libext2fs library.
dd — convert and copy a file; e2fsprogs — a set of utilities for maintaining the ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems; fdisk — examine and write partition table; fsck — file system check; mkisofs — make an iso file system; mount — mount a file system; parted — partition manager
Novell Storage Services on Novell NetWare and Linux; NTFS with Encrypting File System (EFS) for Microsoft Windows; ZFS since Pool Version 30; Ext4, added in Linux kernel 4.1 [1] in June 2015; F2FS, added in Linux kernel 4.2 [2] [non-primary source needed] UBIFS, added in Linux kernel 4.10 [3] CephFS, added in Linux kernel 6.6 [4]
The Windows Subsystem for Linux added in the Windows 10 Anniversary Update uses them for similar purposes, storing the Linux file mode, owner, device ID (if applicable), and file times in the extended attributes. [27] Additionally, NTFS can store arbitrary-length extended attributes in the form of alternate data streams (ADS), a type of ...
LUFS (Linux userland file system – seems to be abandoned in favour of FUSE) PUFFS (Userspace filesystem for NetBSD, including a compatibility layer called librefuse for porting existing FUSE-based applications) Secure Shell File System (SSHFS) – locally mount a remote directory on a server using only a secure shell login. VFS Virtual Filesystem