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Many languages have sets of demonstrative adverbs that are closely related to the demonstrative pronouns in a language. For example, corresponding to the demonstrative pronoun that are the adverbs such as then (= "at that time"), there (= "at that place"), thither (= "to that place"), thence (= "from that place"); equivalent adverbs ...
The demonstrative pronouns this (plural these), and that (plural those), are a sub-type of determiner in English. [2]: 373 Traditionally, they are viewed as pronouns in cases such as these are good; I like that.
Sub-types include personal and possessive pronouns, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative and interrogative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns. [1]: 1–34 [2] The use of pronouns often involves anaphora, where the meaning of the pronoun is dependent on an antecedent.
Proto-Indo-European pronouns have been reconstructed by modern linguists, based on similarities found across all Indo-European languages. This article lists and discusses the hypothesised forms. Proto-Indo-European (PIE) pronouns, especially demonstrative pronouns, are difficult to reconstruct because of their variety in later languages.
Old English had a single third-person pronoun – from the Proto-Germanic demonstrative base *khi-, from PIE * ko-' this ' [3] – which had a plural and three genders in the singular. In early Middle English, one case was lost, and distinct pronouns started to develop. The modern pronoun it developed out of the neuter, singular in the 12th ...
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A senior member of a Russian think tank whose ideas sometimes become government policy has suggested Moscow consider a "demonstrative" nuclear explosion to cow the West into refusing to allow ...
The same demonstrative ille is the source of the definite article in most Romance languages (see below), which explains any similarity in form between personal pronoun and definite article. When the two are different, it is usually because of differing degrees of phonological reduction.