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Lactose intolerance is distinct from milk allergy, an immune response to cow's milk proteins. They may be distinguished in diagnosis by giving lactose-free milk, producing no symptoms in the case of lactose intolerance, but the same reaction as to normal milk in the presence of a milk allergy. A person can have both conditions.
Lactose malabsorption is typical for adult mammals, and lactase persistence is a phenomenon likely linked to human interactions in the form of dairying. Most mammals lose the ability to digest lactose once they are old enough to find their own source of nourishment away from their mothers. [ 71 ]
Humans are born with high levels of lactase expression. In most of the world's population, lactase transcription is down-regulated after weaning, resulting in diminished lactase expression in the small intestine, [22] which causes the common symptoms of adult-type hypolactasia, or lactose intolerance. [23]
Several conditions can cause bloating, including constipation, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), lactose intolerance, celiac disease and even anxiety, adds Yoon. If you have celiac ...
She cautions that further research, specifically human studies, are needed to substantiate the claims that raw milk helps with allergies and is easier to digest for people who are lactose intolerant.
Fructose malabsorption and lactose intolerance may produce IBS symptoms through the same mechanism, but unlike other FODMAPs, poor absorption of fructose is found in only a minority of people. Lactose intolerance is found in most adults, except for specific geographic populations, notably those of European descent. [20]