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In Cantonese and Shanghainese, the term is used to describe a Chinese dress popularized in Shanghai. However, in Mandarin Chinese and other varieties of Chinese , chángshān ( 長衫 ) refers to an exclusively male garment , and the female version is known as the qípáo .
Chinese clothing, including traditional Hanfu, ethnic minority garments, and modern adaptations of indigenous styles, is a vital aspect of Chinese culture and civilization. For thousands of years, Chinese clothing has evolved with dynastic traditions, foreign influences, and cultural exchanges, adapting to the needs of each era. [ 1 ]
Qun (Chinese: 裙; pinyin: qún; Jyutping: kwan4; lit. 'skirt'), referred as chang (Chinese: 裳; pinyin: cháng) prior to the Han dynasty, [1] chang (Chinese: 常) and xiachang (Chinese: 下常), [2] and sometimes referred as an apron, [3] is a generic term which refers to the Chinese skirts used in Hanfu, especially those worn as part of ruqun, and in Xifu.
Chinese bride wearing cheongsam with a honggaitou covering her face for wedding ceremony. The qungua is different from the cheongsam which can also be worn as a Traditional Chinese wedding dress. [3] The qungua is a two-piece garment composed of jacket and skirts while the modern cheongsam is currently a one-piece robe. [4]
Court dress is the dress worn at very formal occasions and ceremonies that are in the presence of a monarch (such as an enthronement ceremony). The entire ensemble of clothing can consist of many complex layers and look very elaborate. Court dress is similar to the xuanduan in components but have additional adornments and elaborate headwear ...
Based on Han Chinese tombs of the Jin dynasty, it appears that ordinary Jurchen clothing may have been a symbol of lower class status as servants and lower-class women tend to be portrayed as wearing modified Jurchen-style clothing whereas women from the upper class wear Hanfu-style clothing. [147]
A red theatrical mangfu used as xifu in Cantonese opera. The xifu, Chinese opera costumes, were made based on the clothing style of the Ming dynasty while also absorbing clothing features of the Song, Yuan, and Qing dynasties. [3] On stage, the theatrical mangfu is typically in the appearance of a yuanlingpao. [11]: 300
The clothing can be divided into civil and military where the sleeves indicate if the character is civil or military. [7] [note 2] Colours are also used to indicate the role and character type. [7] Cantonese opera costumes include the fan gongzhuang, [7] haiqing, [8] [7] [note 3]. Water sleeves were rarely used before World War II. [7]