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Muons have a mass of 105.66 MeV/c 2, which is approximately 206.768 2827 (46) [6] times that of the electron, m e. There is also a third lepton, the tau, approximately 17 times heavier than the muon. Due to their greater mass, muons accelerate slower than electrons in electromagnetic fields, and emit less bremsstrahlung (deceleration ...
However, as Jackson observed in his paper, muon-catalyzed fusion is "unlikely" to provide "useful power production ... unless an energetically cheaper way of producing μ −-mesons [note 2] can be found." [7] One practical problem with the muon-catalyzed fusion process is that muons are unstable, decaying in 2.2 μs (in their rest frame). [8]
Exotic atoms may be composed of particles in addition to or in place of protons, neutrons, and electrons, such as hyperons or muons. Examples include pionium ( π −
In particle physics, a lepton is an elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1 / 2 ) that does not undergo strong interactions. [1] Two main classes of leptons exist: charged leptons (also known as the electron-like leptons or muons), including the electron, muon, and tauon, and neutral leptons, better known as neutrinos.
An active search from Earth orbit for anti-alpha particles as of 2019 [12] had found no unequivocal evidence. Upon striking the atmosphere, cosmic rays violently burst atoms into other bits of matter, producing large amounts of pions and muons (produced from the decay of charged pions, which have a short half-life) as well as neutrinos. [13]
Muography uses muons by tracking the number of muons that pass through the target volume to determine the density of the inaccessible internal structure. Muography is a technique similar in principle to radiography (imaging with X-rays) but capable of surveying much larger objects. Since muons are less likely to interact, stop and decay in low ...
The emergence of the muons is caused by the collision of cosmic rays with the upper atmosphere, after which the muons reach Earth. The probability that muons can reach the Earth depends on their half-life, which itself is modified by the relativistic corrections of two quantities: a) the mean lifetime of muons and b) the length between the upper and lower atmosphere (at Earth's surface).
An exotic atom is an otherwise normal atom in which one or more sub-atomic particles have been replaced by other particles. For example, electrons may be replaced by other negatively charged particles such as muons (muonic atoms) or pions (pionic atoms).