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Red algae, a (disputed) phylum contains about 7,000 recognised species, [50] mostly multicellular and including many notable seaweeds. [50] [51] Brown algae form a class containing about 2,000 recognised species, [52] mostly multicellular and including many seaweeds such as kelp. Unlike higher plants, algae lack roots, stems, or leaves.
Seaweed species such as kelps provide essential nursery habitat for fisheries and other marine species and thus protect food sources; other species, such as planktonic algae, play a vital role in capturing carbon and producing at least 50% of Earth's oxygen. [3] Natural seaweed ecosystems are sometimes under threat from human activity.
Many algae, particularly species of the Characeae, [62] have served as model experimental organisms to understand the mechanisms of the water permeability of membranes, osmoregulation, salt tolerance, cytoplasmic streaming, and the generation of action potentials. Plant hormones are found not only in higher plants, but in algae, too. [63]
Over 1500 species of fungi are known from marine environments. [109] These are parasitic on marine algae or animals, or are saprobes feeding on dead organic matter from algae, corals, protozoan cysts, sea grasses, and other substrata. [110] Spores of many species have special appendages which facilitate attachment to the substratum. [111]
Marine botany is the study of flowering vascular plant species and marine algae that live in shallow seawater of the open ocean and the littoral zone, along shorelines of the intertidal zone, coastal wetlands, and low-salinity brackish water of estuaries. It is a branch of marine biology and botany.
This species of algae grows a central stalk supporting a single, fan-shaped blade. [25] Green sea sausage seaweed: Bornetella nitida: Moderate [26] Moderate [26] Low [26] Not really [26] In the wild, this algae grows in shallow water environments such as tide pools and on tumbling beach rocks. It features firm, yet elastic fronds which grow ...
Found in the wild at significant depths so requires decompression treatment to transition to the surface. Scientific name: centropyge boylei. Maximum length: 2.8 inches
So individuals of the same species will have differences to other individuals of the same species due to what habitat they grow in. [19] Many species have different morphologies for different wave disturbance regimes [18] but giant kelp Macrocystis integrifolia has been found to have plasticity allowing for 4 distinct types of blade morphology ...