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A kernel is a component of a computer operating system. [1] A comparison of system kernels can provide insight into the design and architectural choices made by the developers of particular operating systems.
Multiserver Microkernel (Hurd kernel) or Monolithic (Linux-libre kernel, fork of Linux kernel, and other kernels which are not part of the GNU Project) C: 1:1 Unix-like: 2.4 on Linux-libre kernel (not on Hurd kernel) Linux: ReactOS: GPL, LGPL Hybrid C, C++ Windows-like: No RISC OS: Apache 2.0 Monolithic (with cooperative multitasking) ARM ...
The Linux kernel is a free and open source, [11]: 4 Unix-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU operating system (OS) which was created to be a free replacement for Unix.
Linux kernel — monolithic Unix-like computer operating system kernel. The Linux operating system is based on this kernel and deployed on both traditional computer systems such as personal computers and servers, usually in the form of Linux distributions (including Ubuntu and its derivatives), and on various embedded devices such as routers ...
The relevant term is of the porting target is computer architecture; it comprises the instruction set(s) and the microarchitecture(s) of the processor(s), at least of the CPU. The target also comprises the "system design" of the entire system, be it a supercomputer , a desktop computer or some SoC , e.g. in case some unique bus is being used.
As the computer kernel grows, so grows the size and vulnerability of its trusted computing base; and, besides reducing security, there is the problem of enlarging the memory footprint. This is mitigated to some degree by perfecting the virtual memory system, but not all computer architectures have virtual memory support.
GRUB 2, elilo and systemd-boot serve as conventional, full-fledged standalone UEFI boot managers (a.k.a. bootloader managers) for Linux. Once loaded by a UEFI firmware, they can access and boot kernel images from all devices, partitions and file systems they support, without being limited to the EFI system partition.
Source code (e.g., the kernel source code with its header files). /usr/X11R6: X Window System, Version 11, Release 6 (up to FHS-2.3, optional). /var: Variable files: files whose content is expected to continually change during normal operation of the system, such as logs, spool files, and temporary e-mail files. /var/cache: Application cache data.