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An osmotic diuretic is a type of diuretic that inhibits reabsorption of water and sodium (Na). They are pharmacologically inert substances that are given intravenously. They increase the osmolarity of blood and renal filtrate. [1] This fluid eventually becomes urine. Two examples are mannitol [2] and isosorbide.
Mannitol acts as an osmotic laxative [3] [20] in oral doses larger than 20 g, [21] and is sometimes sold as a laxative for children. [citation needed] The use of mannitol, when inhaled, as a bronchial irritant as an alternative method of diagnosis of exercise-induced asthma has been proposed. A 2013 systematic review concluded evidence to ...
Glucose, like mannitol, is a sugar that can behave as an osmotic diuretic. Unlike mannitol, glucose is commonly found in the blood. However, in certain conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, the concentration of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) exceeds the maximum reabsorption capacity of the kidney. When this happens, glucose remains in ...
Hypertonic saline may be preferable to mannitol in persons with hypovolemia or hyponatremia. [44] Mannitol is an alcohol derivative of simple sugar mannose, and is historically the most commonly used osmotic diuretic. [3] Mannitol acts as an inert solute in the blood, decreasing ICP through osmosis as discussed above. [44]
Mannitol is an alcohol derivative of simple sugar mannose, and its use has been investigated since 1962. With a σ=.9, molecular weight of 182 daltons, half life of 2–4 hours, ease of preparation, chemical stability and free radical scavenging properties, it's been regarded as the principal osmotic agent for clinical use.
The substances cause an increase in the osmotic pressure within the tubule, causing retention of water within the lumen, and thus reduces the reabsorption of water, increasing urine output (i.e., diuresis). The same effect can be seen in therapeutics such as mannitol, which is used to increase urine output and decrease extracellular fluid volume.
In such occasions, mannitol (osmotic diuretic) or hypertonic saline are given to draw fluid out of the edematous cerebrum to minimise secondary injury. Hypertonic saline is better than mannitol, as mannitol being a diuretic will decrease the mean arterial pressure and since cerebral perfusion is mean arterial pressure minus intracranial ...
Pages in category "Osmotic diuretics" ... Mannitol; S. Sorbitol This page was last edited on 29 August 2020, at 19:32 (UTC). Text is available under the ...