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NIST-F1, source of the official time of the United States. NIST-F1 is a cesium fountain clock, a type of atomic clock, in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado, and serves as the United States' primary time and frequency standard. The clock took fewer than four years to test and build, and was developed ...
Location Image CS1 [1] ... Boulder, Colorado United States [8] NIST-F2 [9] Cs fountain 1.1 ... 18 cesium atomic clocks and 4 hydrogen maser clocks
WWVB's Colorado location makes the signal weakest on the U.S. east coast, where urban density also produces considerable interference. In 2009, NIST raised the possibility of adding a second time code transmitter, on the east coast, to improve signal reception there and provide a certain amount of robustness to the overall system should weather or other causes render one transmitter site ...
WWV Transmitter Building (2002 or earlier) WWV's 15 MHz antenna WWV is a shortwave ("high frequency" or HF) radio station, located near Fort Collins, Colorado.It has broadcast a continuous time signal since 1945, and implements United States government frequency standards, with transmitters operating on 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 MHz. [1]
The high frequency of caesium allows for more accurate measurements. Caesium reference tubes suitable for national standards currently last about seven years and cost about US$35,000. Primary frequency and time standards like the United States Time Standard atomic clocks, NIST-F1 and NIST-F2, use far higher power. [34] [70] [71] [72]
NIST Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS) [27] +1-303-494-4774 +1-808-335-4721; Windows computer with dialup modem. ntpd with NIST/USNO/PTB Modem Time Services driver; ClockWatch Pro for Windows [22] USNO Master Clock modem time [28] +1-202-762-1594 Computer with Bell 212A or CCITT V.22 compatible modem US Naval Observatory time service UTC(USNO)
NIST physicists Steve Jefferts (foreground) and Tom Heavner with the NIST-F2 cesium fountain atomic clock, a civilian time standard for the United States. NIST-F2 is a caesium fountain atomic clock that, along with NIST-F1, serves as the United States' primary time and frequency standard. [1] NIST-F2 was brought online on 3 April 2014. [1] [2]
The master atomic clock ensemble at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington D.C., which provides the time standard for the U.S. Department of Defense. [1] The rack mounted units in the background are caesium beam clocks. The black units in the foreground are hydrogen maser standards.