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Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. As the oldest son of King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group of influential noblemen in his father's lifetime in 1214. His father, who strongly opposed Béla's coronation, refused to give him a ...
The Golden Bull of 1242 was a golden bull or edict, issued by King Béla IV of Hungary to the inhabitants of Gradec (part of today's Zagreb, the capital of Croatia) during the Mongol invasion of Europe. By this golden bull, King Béla IV proclaimed Gradec a royal free city. [1]
When the Mongols invaded Hungary in the spring of 1241, Vincent belonged to the accompaniment of Béla IV of Hungary, who fled to Dalmatia. According to Thomas the Archdeacon, he was present alongside numerous barons and prelates, when the king entered Split (Spalato) then Trogir (Trau) in the spring of 1242. [3]
Following the Mongol conquest of the Kievan Rus states, the Cumans fled from their former lands and appealed to King Béla IV of Hungary for refuge, which he accepted on the condition they provide him military service. Batu Khan immediately threatened the king to round up all the Cumans or be annihilated. King Béla IV refused, and his kingdom ...
The threat of another Mongol invasion, this time taken seriously, was the source of national unity and provided the impetus for Béla IV's extensive expansion of Hungarian defenses, especially the building of new stone castles (forty-four in the first ten years) and the revitalization of the army, including expanding the number of heavily ...
When Béla IV ascended the Hungarian throne in 1235, he declared his principal purpose was "the restitution of royal rights" and "the restoration of the situation which existed in the country" during the reign of his grandfather, Béla III. He set up special commissions, which revised all royal charters of land grants made after 1196.
Stephen's father, King Béla IV of Hungary (from the Illuminated Chronicle) Stephen was the eighth child and first son of King Béla IV of Hungary and his wife, Maria, a daughter of Theodore I Lascaris, Emperor of Nicaea. [2] He was born in 1239. [3] Archbishop Robert of Esztergom baptised him on 18 October. [4]
Béla (c. 1249 –1269) was the youngest and favorite child of King Béla IV of Hungary. His father appointed him Duke of Slavonia in 1260, but he only started to govern his duchy from 1268. He died childless.