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In cryptography, key size or key length refers to the number of bits in a key used by a cryptographic algorithm (such as a cipher).. Key length defines the upper-bound on an algorithm's security (i.e. a logarithmic measure of the fastest known attack against an algorithm), because the security of all algorithms can be violated by brute-force attacks.
On January 2, 1997, NIST announced that they wished to choose a successor to DES. [60] In 2001, after an international competition, NIST selected a new cipher, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), as a replacement. [61] The algorithm which was selected as the AES was submitted by its designers under the name Rijndael.
Rijndael is a family of ciphers with different key and block sizes. For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits. AES has been adopted by the U.S. government. It supersedes the Data Encryption Standard (DES), [9] which was published in 1977.
Cipher detail; Key sizes: up to 128, 128 bits are recommended ... (NIST) for future ... authentication tag T, size of the ciphertext C is the same as that of P. The ...
They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA. SHA-3: A hash function formerly called Keccak, chosen in 2012 after a public competition among non-NSA designers ...
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), the symmetric block cipher ratified as a standard by National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States (NIST), was chosen using a process lasting from 1997 to 2000 that was markedly more open and transparent than its predecessor, the Data Encryption Standard (DES). This process won ...
Symmetric block cipher for information protection FIPS PUB 197: Use 256-bit keys for all classification levels. Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) Key Exchange Asymmetric algorithm for key establishment NIST SP 800-56A: Use Curve P-384 for all classification levels. Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)
Keying option 2 reduces the effective key size to 112 bits (because the third key is the same as the first). However, this option is susceptible to certain chosen-plaintext or known-plaintext attacks, [21] [22] and thus it is designated by NIST to have only 80 bits of security. [16]