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A meta-analysis of such expression profiles was performed to derive novel conclusions and to validate the known findings. [148] Meta-analysis of whole genome sequencing studies provides an attractive solution to the problem of collecting large sample sizes for discovering rare variants associated with complex phenotypes.
The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlational, semi-experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type (e.g., descriptive-longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental design, and, if applicable, data collection methods and a statistical analysis ...
This measure of effect has greater precision (less uncertainty) than the individual studies, but it may be biased by differences between the studies in study design, the type of evidence, or other key characteristics. [4] In qualitative research, methods of synthesis include narrative synthesis and meta-ethnography. Narrative synthesis allows ...
A meta-analysis with some or all studies having more than two arms is called network meta-analysis, indirect meta-analysis, or a multiple treatment comparison. Despite also being an umbrella term, meta-analysis sometimes implies that all included studies have strictly two arms each—same two treatments in all trials—to distinguish itself ...
A systematic review is a scholarly synthesis of the evidence on a clearly presented topic using critical methods to identify, define and assess research on the topic. [1] A systematic review extracts and interprets data from published studies on the topic (in the scientific literature), then analyzes, describes, critically appraises and summarizes interpretations into a refined evidence-based ...
Examples of such works are scientific reviews and meta-analyses. These and related practices face various challenges and are a subject of metascience. Various issues with included or available studies such as, for example, heterogeneity of methods used may lead to faulty conclusions of the meta-analysis. [115]
A meta-analysis is typically a systematic review using statistical methods to effectively combine the data used on all selected studies to produce a more reliable result. [3] Torraco (2016) [4] describes an integrative literature review. The purpose of an integrative literature review is to generate new knowledge on a topic through the process ...
An example forest plot of five odds ratios (squares, proportional to weights used in meta-analysis), with the summary measure (centre line of diamond) and associated confidence intervals (lateral tips of diamond), and solid vertical line of no effect. Names of (fictional) studies are shown on the left, odds ratios and confidence intervals on ...