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The term sundowning was coined by nurse Lois K. Evans in 1987 due to the association between the person's increased confusion and the setting of the sun. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] For people with sundown syndrome, a multitude of behavioral problems begin to occur and are associated with long-term adverse outcomes.
Delirium (formerly acute confusional state, an ambiguous term that is now discouraged) [1] is a specific state of acute confusion attributable to the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition, effects of a psychoactive substance, or multiple causes, which usually develops over the course of hours to days.
The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is a diagnostic tool developed to allow physicians and nurses to identify delirium in the healthcare setting. [1] It was designed to be brief (less than 5 minutes to perform) and based on criteria from the third edition-revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) .
Elopement, or unattended wandering that goes out of bounds, is a special concern for caregivers and search and rescue responders. Wandering (especially if combined with sundowning) can result in the person being lost outdoors at night, dressed inappropriately, and unable to take many ordinarily routine steps to ensure his or her personal safety and security.
Once all nursing intervention actions have taken place, the nurse completes an evaluation to determine if the goals for patient wellness have been met. The possible patient outcomes are generally described under three terms: patient's condition improved, patient's condition stabilised, and patient's condition deteriorated.
The NIC provides a four level hierarchy whose first two levels consists of a list of 433 different interventions, each with a definition in general terms, and then the ground-level list of a variable number of specific activities a nurse could perform to complete the intervention.
The nursing process is a modified scientific method which is a fundamental part of nursing practices in many countries around the world. [1] [2] [3] Nursing practise was first described as a four-stage nursing process by Ida Jean Orlando in 1958. [4] It should not be confused with nursing theories or health informatics. The diagnosis phase was ...
Psychiatric emergency services are rendered by professionals in the fields of medicine, nursing, psychology and social work. [2] The demand for emergency psychiatric services has rapidly increased throughout the world since the 1960s, especially in urban areas. [3] [4] Care for patients in situations involving emergency psychiatry is complex. [3]