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Perovskite (pronunciation: / p ə ˈ r ɒ v s k aɪ t /) is a calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (chemical formula Ca Ti O 3).Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO 3, known as the perovskite structure, which has a general chemical formula A 2+ B 4+ (X 2−) 3. [6]
A perovskite solar cell. A perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a type of solar cell that includes a perovskite-structured compound, most commonly a hybrid organic–inorganic lead or tin halide-based material as the light-harvesting active layer.
Although the perovskite structure is named after CaTiO 3, this mineral has a non-cubic structure. SrTiO 3 and CaRbF 3 are examples of cubic perovskites. Barium titanate is an example of a perovskite which can take on the rhombohedral (space group R3m, no. 160), orthorhombic, tetragonal and cubic forms depending on temperature. [7]
Calcium titanate is obtained as orthorhombic crystals, more specifically perovskite structure. [3] In this motif, the Ti(IV) centers are octahedral and the Ca 2+ centers occupy a cage of 12 oxygen centres. Many useful materials adopt related structures, e.g. barium titanate or variations of the structure, e.g. yttrium barium copper oxide.
Ligand-assisted reprecipitation method is dedicated for the preparation of perovskite nanoplatelets (NPls). In this method, the precursors in different solvents whether polar like Dimethylformamide and Dimethyl sulfoxide or non-polar like toluene and hexane are added in the presence of the ligands to form the perovskite NPls theough ...
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are candidates for display and lighting technologies. Researchers have shown interest in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) owing to their capacity for emitting light with narrow bandwidth , adjustable spectrum , ability to deliver high color purity, and solution fabrication.
The main obstacle to viable tin perovskite solar cells is the instability of tin's oxidation state Sn 2+, which is easily oxidized to the stabler Sn 4+. [10] In solar cell research, this process is called self-doping, [11] because the Sn 4+ acts as a p-dopant and reduces solar cell efficiency.
Perovskite solar cell; Quantum dot solar cell; The achievements in the research of perovskite cells, especially, have received tremendous attention in the public as their research efficiencies recently soared above 20 percent. They also offer a wide spectrum of low-cost applications.