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Emission control areas (ECAs), or sulfur emission control areas (SECAs), are sea areas in which stricter controls were established to minimize airborne emissions from ships as defined by Annex VI [1] of the 1997 MARPOL Protocol. The emissions specifically include SOx, NOx, ODSs and VOCs [2] and the regulations came into effect in May 2005.
MARPOL Annex VI came into force on 19 May 2005. It introduces requirements to regulate the air pollution being emitted by ships, including the emission of ozone-depleting substances, Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) , Sulfur Oxides (SOx) , Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and shipboard incineration.
The Annexes of MARPOL contain detailed regulations with respect to the six main groups of harmful materials: Petroleum in any form ; Noxious Liquid Substances (NLS) carried in bulk (Annex II); Harmful substances carried in packaged form (Annex III); Sewage (Annex IV); Garbage (Annex V); and Air emissions (Annex VI). [6] MARPOL states that ...
Shipboard incinerators also burn large volumes of garbage, plastics, and other waste, producing ash that must be disposed of. Incinerators may release toxic emissions as well. In 2005, MARPOL Annex VI came into force to combat this problem.
Senate agreed to House amendment on October 1, 1980 (Agreed) Signed into law by President Jimmy E. Carter on October 21, 1980 The Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (APPS, 33 U.S.C. §§1905-1915) is a United States law that implements the provisions of MARPOL 73/78 and the annexes of MARPOL to which the United States is a party.
The Annex also regulates discharges into the sea of untreated sewage, as defined in Annex IV of MARPOL 73/78, and establishes that all ships, before entering the Antarctic Treaty area, are fitted with a tank or tanks of sufficient capacity on board for the retention of all sludge, dirty ballast, tank washing water and other oily residues and ...
Later, in preparation for the global 0.5% sulfur cap in 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted guidelines on the approval, installation and use of exhaust gas scrubbers (exhaust gas cleaning systems) on board ships to ensure compliance with the sulfur regulation of MARPOL Annex VI. [12]
Marpol 73/78 is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978. ("Marpol" is short for marine pollution and 73/78 short for the years 1973 and 1978.) [11] Marpol 73/78 is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions.