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  2. Signed number representations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations

    In the sign–magnitude representation, also called sign-and-magnitude or signed magnitude, a signed number is represented by the bit pattern corresponding to the sign of the number for the sign bit (often the most significant bit, set to 0 for a positive number and to 1 for a negative number), and the magnitude of the number (or absolute value ...

  3. Sign extension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_extension

    If the source of the operation is an unsigned number, then zero extension is usually the correct way to move it to a larger field while preserving its numeric value, while sign extension is correct for signed numbers. In the x86 and x64 instruction sets, the movzx instruction ("move with zero extension") performs this function.

  4. Offset binary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offset_binary

    Offset binary, [1] also referred to as excess-K, [1] excess-N, excess-e, [2] [3] excess code or biased representation, is a method for signed number representation where a signed number n is represented by the bit pattern corresponding to the unsigned number n+K, K being the biasing value or offset.

  5. Computer number format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_number_format

    an 11-bit binary exponent, using "excess-1023" format. Excess-1023 means the exponent appears as an unsigned binary integer from 0 to 2047; subtracting 1023 gives the actual signed value; a 52-bit significand, also an unsigned binary number, defining a fractional value with a leading implied "1" a sign bit, giving the sign of the number.

  6. Signedness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signedness

    For Integers, the unsigned modifier defines the type to be unsigned. The default integer signedness outside bit-fields is signed, but can be set explicitly with signed modifier. By contrast, the C standard declares signed char, unsigned char, and char, to be three distinct types, but specifies that all three must have the same size and alignment.

  7. numeric_std - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeric_std

    Overrides of std_logic_vector are defined for signed and unsigned arithmetic. It defines numeric types and arithmetic functions for use with synthesis tools. Two numeric types are defined: UNSIGNED (represents UNSIGNED number in vector form) and SIGNED (represents a SIGNED number in vector form). The base element type is type STD_LOGIC.

  8. Binary-coded decimal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal

    If errors in representation and computation are more important than the speed of conversion to and from display, a scaled binary representation may be used, which stores a decimal number as a binary-encoded integer and a binary-encoded signed decimal exponent. For example, 0.2 can be represented as 2 × 10 −1.

  9. Signed-digit representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed-digit_representation

    Signed-digit representation can be used to accomplish fast addition of integers because it can eliminate chains of dependent carries. [1] In the binary numeral system , a special case signed-digit representation is the non-adjacent form , which can offer speed benefits with minimal space overhead.