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  2. Proto-Indo-European phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_phonology

    The phonology of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) has been reconstructed by linguists, based on the similarities and differences among current and extinct Indo-European languages. Because PIE was not written, linguists must rely on the evidence of its earliest attested descendants, such as Hittite , Sanskrit , Ancient Greek , and Latin ...

  3. Indo-European sound laws - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_sound_laws

    The following table shows the Proto-Indo-European consonants and their reflexes in selected Indo-European daughter languages. Background and further details can be found in various related articles, including Proto-Indo-European phonology, Centum and satem languages, the articles on the various sound laws referred to in the introduction, and the articles on the various IE proto-languages ...

  4. Glottalic theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottalic_theory

    A compromise viewpoint would be to see the original formulation of glottalic theory, with ejective stops, as representing an earlier stage in the history of Proto-Indo-European, which would have undergone a period of internal evolution into a stage featuring unstable voiced glottalized stops, or even into the similarly unstable traditional ...

  5. Proto-Indo-European language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language

    Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. [1] No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists; its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. [2]

  6. Laryngeal theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngeal_theory

    The laryngeal theory is a theory in historical linguistics positing that the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) language included a number of laryngeal consonants that are not reconstructable by direct application of the comparative method to the Indo-European family.

  7. Glossary of sound laws in the Indo-European languages

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_sound_laws_in...

    asno law The word-medial sequence *-mn-is simplified after long vowels and diphthongs or after a short vowel if the sequence was tautosyllabic and preceded by a consonant. . The *n was deleted if the vocalic sequence following the cluster was accented, as in Ancient Greek θερμός thermós 'warm' (from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰermnós 'warm'); otherwise, the *m was deleted, as in Sanskrit ...

  8. Category:Indo-European phonologies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Indo-European...

    Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Pages in category "Indo-European phonologies" ... Albanian phonology; P. Proto-Indo-European phonology; V. Vedic accent

  9. Indo-European languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages

    (The correctness of the terms palatal and plain velar is disputed; see Proto-Indo-European phonology.) All daughter languages have reduced the number of distinctions among these sounds, often in divergent ways. As an example, in English, one of the Germanic languages, the following are some of the major changes that happened: