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Thomas Robert Malthus FRS (/ ˈ m æ l θ ə s /; 13/14 February 1766 – 29 December 1834) [1] was an English economist, cleric, and scholar influential in the fields of political economy and demography.
The book An Essay on the Principle of Population was first published anonymously in 1798, [1] but the author was soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus.The book warned of future difficulties, on an interpretation of the population increasing in geometric progression (so as to double every 25 years) [2] while food production increased in an arithmetic progression, which would leave a ...
Thomas Robert Malthus, after whom Malthusianism is named. Malthusianism is a theory that population growth is potentially exponential, according to the Malthusian growth model, while the growth of the food supply or other resources is linear, which eventually reduces living standards to the point of triggering a population decline.
Malthus also notes that the checks on the human population are more complicated than those on animals and plants. [25] Malthus explains, for example, that a human check on population growth is the conscious decision not to reproduce because of financial burden. [25] Malthus then explains that the main check on population growth is food.
Ester Boserup (18 May 1910 [1] – 24 September 1999) was a Danish economist.She studied economic and agricultural development, worked at the United Nations as well as other international organizations, and wrote seminal books on agrarian change and the role of women in development.
Malthus thought the Old Poor Law encouraged population growth. Ricardo argued that poor-rates reduced wages. Thomas Malthus thought any benevolence to the poor was self-defeating; the only check on the numbers of the poor was poverty. Furthermore, the Poor Law gave a right to relief only in the parish where the claimant had a right of ...
[8] However, Keynes also critiques Thomas Malthus. He faults Malthus' work for being "unable to explain clearly (apart from an appeal to the facts of common observation) how and why effective demand could be deficient or excessive." [8] John Stuart Mill, a nineteenth-century British economist, also criticizes Malthus' Principles of Political ...
They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League – the world's first birth control advocacy group – which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and ...