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Environmental toxicants and fetal development is the impact of different toxic substances from the environment on the development of the fetus. This article deals with potential adverse effects of environmental toxicants on the prenatal development of both the embryo or fetus, as well as pregnancy complications. The human embryo or fetus is ...
The fetus and infant are especially vulnerable to mercury exposures with special interest in the development of the CNS since it can easily cross across the placental barrier, accumulate within the placenta and fetus as the fetus cannot eliminate mercury and have a negative effect on the fetus even if the mother does not show symptoms. [16]
These are termed long chain, omega-3, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and are considered important for fetal neurodevelopment. [6] Additionally, fish are good sources of vitamins A, D, and B12, as well as the mineral iodine. [6] Due to risks of heavy-metal toxicity on fetal neurodevelopment, many mothers are concerned about eating fish during ...
The health effects of coffee include various possible health benefits and health risks. [ 1 ] A 2017 umbrella review of meta-analyses found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily.
So How Much Should We Drink? The FDA’s recommendations regarding daily caffeine consumption for adults are uncomfortably noncommittal. Their 2023 report states that 400 milligrams a day is “an ...
The resulting effects can impact many different areas of the developing child's brain, such as the hypothalamus, corpus callosum, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Animal studies have shown that prenatal stress may result in reduced hippocampus volumes and amygdala nuclei volumes, both of which may have a negative impact on memory. [12]
The growth rate of a fetus is linear up to 37 weeks of gestation, after which it plateaus. [9] The growth rate of an embryo and infant can be reflected as the weight per gestational age , and is often given as the weight put in relation to what would be expected by the gestational age.
Changes posed to the fetus through ethanol exposure may significantly effect growth and development; these are collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). [20] The exact interaction between ethanol and the developing fetus is complex and largely uncertain, however, several direct and indirect effects have been observed as the ...