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Because the test pad reaction is dependent on pH, false positive results can occur if the urine is highly alkaline. [ 60 ] [ 62 ] Conventional test strips are not sensitive enough to reliably detect microalbuminuria , a condition in which urine albumin levels are slightly elevated, [ 64 ] although dipsticks specialized for this measurement exist.
Waxy casts are broad casts, which is a more general term to describe the wider cast product of a dilated duct, and are seen in chronic kidney failure. In nephrotic syndrome, many additional types of casts exist, including broad and waxy casts if the condition is chronic (this is referred to as a telescopic urine with the presence of many casts ...
Leukocyte esterase (LE) is an esterase (a type of enzyme) produced by leukocytes (white blood cells). A leukocyte esterase test (LE test) is a urine test for the presence of white blood cells and other abnormalities associated with infection. White blood cells in the urine can indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI). Positive test results may ...
It is also used by employers, who test their employees. [6] Hair analysis has the virtue of showing a 'history' of drug use due to hair's slow growth. Urine analysis might detect drugs taken in the past 2–3 days; hair analysis can sometimes detect use as far as 90 days, although certain cosmetic treatments (e.g. dyeing hair) can interfere ...
Hair casts, also known as pseudonits, represent remnants of the inner root sheath, and often occur in great numbers and may mimic nits in the scalp. [ 1 ] : 764 Signs and symptoms
The normal number of red blood cells in urine should not usually exceed 3 per high power field. [13] A urine test strip showing positive for blood can also indicate hemoglobinuria, which is not detectable using a microscope due to the lysis of red blood cells in the urinary tract (particularly in alkaline or dilute urine), or intravascular ...
The Paris System for reporting urine cytology, version 2.0, ranging from negative to positive for high grade urothelial carcinoma. [1] Urine cytology is a test that looks for abnormal cells in urine under a microscope. The test commonly checks for infection, inflammatory disease of the urinary tract, cancer, or precancerous conditions.
Blood; Urine; CSF; Feces; Vital signs; Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement Lower limit ... RBC casts: n/a 0 / negative [2] White blood ...