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  2. Potential applications of graphene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_applications_of...

    Potential graphene applications include lightweight, thin, and flexible electric/photonics circuits, solar cells, and various medical, chemical and industrial processes enhanced or enabled by the use of new graphene materials, and favoured by massive cost decreases in graphene production. [1] [2] [3]

  3. Graphene chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_chemistry

    The onset temperature of reaction between the basal plane of single-layer graphene and oxygen gas is below 260 °C (530 K). [2] Graphene combusts at 350 °C (620 K). [3] Graphene is commonly modified with oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

  4. Graphene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

    Graphene is commonly modified with oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. However, the determination of structures of graphene with oxygen-[187] and nitrogen-[188] functional groups require the structures to be well controlled.

  5. Two-dimensional electron gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-dimensional_electron_gas

    The two-dimensional electron system in graphene can be tuned to either a 2DEG or 2DHG (2-D hole gas) by gating or chemical doping. This has been a topic of current research due to the versatile (some existing but mostly envisaged) applications of graphene. [2] A separate class of heterostructures that can host 2DEGs are oxides.

  6. Graphene production techniques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_production_techniques

    A rapidly increasing list of graphene production techniques have been developed to enable graphene's use in commercial applications. [1]Isolated 2D crystals cannot be grown via chemical synthesis beyond small sizes even in principle, because the rapid growth of phonon density with increasing lateral size forces 2D crystallites to bend into the third dimension. [2]

  7. Electronic properties of graphene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_properties_of...

    Graphene doped with various gaseous species (both acceptors and donors) can be returned to an undoped state by gentle heating in vacuum. [22] [24] Even for dopant concentrations in excess of 10 12 cm −2 carrier mobility exhibits no observable change. [24] Graphene doped with potassium in ultra-high vacuum at low temperature can reduce ...

  8. Dangling bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangling_bond

    In experiments by Yunteng Qu et al., dangling bonds on graphene oxide were used to bind single metal atoms (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) for applications in catalysis. Metal atoms were adsorbed by oxidizing metal from a foam and coordinating the metal ions to the dangling bonds on the oxygen of the graphene oxide.

  9. Proton-exchange membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane

    A proton-exchange membrane, or polymer-electrolyte membrane (PEM), is a semipermeable membrane generally made from ionomers and designed to conduct protons while acting as an electronic insulator and reactant barrier, e.g. to oxygen and hydrogen gas. [1]

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