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The name of a number 10 3n+3, where n is greater than or equal to 1000, is formed by concatenating the names of the numbers of the form 10 3m+3, where m represents each group of comma-separated digits of n, with each but the last "-illion" trimmed to "-illi-", or, in the case of m = 0, either "-nilli-" or "-nillion". [17]
The Roman numerals, in particular, are directly derived from the Etruscan number symbols: 𐌠 , 𐌡 , 𐌢 , 𐌣 , and 𐌟 for 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 (they had more symbols for larger numbers, but it is unknown which symbol represents which number). As in the basic Roman system, the Etruscans wrote the symbols that added to the desired ...
For higher powers of ten, naming diverges. The Indian system uses names for every second power of ten: lakh (10 5), crore (10 7), arab (10 9), kharab (10 11), etc. In the two Western systems, long and short scales, there are names for every third power of ten. The short scale uses million (10 6), billion (10 9), trillion (10 12), etc.
A crude way of specifying how large a number is, is specifying between which two numbers in this sequence it is. More precisely, numbers in between can be expressed in the form (), i.e., with a power tower of 10s, and a number at the top, possibly in scientific notation, e.g. = (), a number between and (note that < < (+) if < <).
This is the minimum number of characters needed to encode a 32 bit number into 5 printable characters in a process similar to MIME-64 encoding, since 85 5 is only slightly bigger than 2 32. Such method is 6.7% more efficient than MIME-64 which encodes a 24 bit number into 4 printable characters. 89
The ultimate in large numbers was, until recently, the concept of infinity, a number defined by being greater than any finite number, and used in the mathematical theory of limits. However, since the 19th century, mathematicians have studied transfinite numbers , numbers which are not only greater than any finite number, but also, from the ...
For many people, prime numbers have faded into the background since distant grade school days. However, for Luke Durant, a 36-year-old former Nvidia programmer, prime numbers became an all ...
The Indian numbering system is somewhat more complex: It groups the rightmost three digits altogether (until the hundreds place) and thereafter groups by sets of two digits. For example, one trillion (on the short scale ; a million millions) would thus be written as 10,00,00,00,00,000 or 10 kharab .