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Behavioral finance theory attributes stock market bubbles to cognitive biases that lead to groupthink and herd behavior. Bubbles occur not only in real-world markets, with their inherent uncertainty and noise, but also in highly predictable experimental markets. [ 1 ]
Behavioral Finance attempts to explain the reasoning patterns of investors and measures the influential power of these patterns on the investor's decision making. The central issue in behavioral finance is explaining why market participants make irrational systematic errors contrary to assumption of rational market participants. [1]
Prospect theory is a theory of behavioral economics, judgment and decision making that was developed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979. [1] The theory was cited in the decision to award Kahneman the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics .
Keynes believed that similar behavior was at work within the stock market. This would have investors pricing shares not based on what they think an asset's fundamental value is, or even on what investors think other investors believe about the asset's value, but on what they think other investors believe is the average opinion about the value ...
The prospect theory can explain such phenomena as people who prefer not to deposit their money in a bank, even though they would earn interest, or people who choose not to work overtime because they would have to pay higher taxes. It also plainly underlies the disposition effect.
The Barnewall Two-way Model, also known as the Barnewall Two-way Behavioral Model, is an investor psychographic profiling model. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The Barnewall Two-way model was initially conceptualized and proposed by Marilyn MacGruder Barnewall in 1987 in an academic paper titled Psychological Characteristics of the individual investor.
An example of mental accounting is people's willingness to pay more for goods when using credit cards than if they are paying with cash. [1] This phenomenon is referred to as payment decoupling. Mental accounting (or psychological accounting ) is a model of consumer behaviour developed by Richard Thaler that attempts to describe the process ...
The classical counter example to the expected value theory (where everyone makes the same "correct" choice) is the St. Petersburg Paradox. [3] In empirical applications, a number of violations of expected utility theory have been shown to be systematic and these falsifications have deepened understanding of how people actually decide.