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Electromigration (red arrow) is due to the momentum transfer from the electrons moving in a wire. Electromigration is the transport of material caused by the gradual movement of the ions in a conductor due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms.
Black's Equation is a mathematical model for the mean time to failure (MTTF) of a semiconductor circuit due to electromigration: a phenomenon of molecular rearrangement (movement) in the solid phase caused by an electromagnetic field.
This glossary of physics is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to physics, its sub-disciplines, and related fields, including mechanics, materials science, nuclear physics, particle physics, and thermodynamics.
This means by definition that the connection ∇ is flat there. In mentioned Aharonov–Bohm effect, however, the connection depends on the magnetic field through the tube since the holonomy along a non-contractible curve encircling the tube is the magnetic flux through the tube in the proper units. This can be detected quantum-mechanically ...
In one sense, the answers to uncertainties. input/output (I/O) That part of a computer system devoted to exporting and importing data, for example, in human-readable form. inrush current The transient current that flows when first connecting a device to a power source. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Depending on authors, the term "maps" or the term "functions" may be reserved for specific kinds of functions or morphisms (e.g., function as an analytic term and map as a general term). mathematics See mathematics. multivalued A "multivalued function” from a set A to a set B is a function from A to the subsets of B.
Electrochemical migration (ECM) is the dissolution and movement of metal ions in presence of electric potential, which results in the growth of dendritic structures between anode and cathode.
Also called infinitesimal calculus A foundation of calculus, first developed in the 17th century, that makes use of infinitesimal numbers. Calculus of moving surfaces an extension of the theory of tensor calculus to include deforming manifolds. Calculus of variations the field dedicated to maximizing or minimizing functionals. It used to be called functional calculus. Catastrophe theory a ...