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Well drilling is the process of drilling a hole in the ground for the extraction of a natural resource such as ground water, brine, natural gas, or petroleum, for the injection of a fluid from surface to a subsurface reservoir or for subsurface formations evaluation or monitoring.
For example in the South China Sea region, shallow areas usually meet with three shallow problems when drilling in deepwater areas, namely shallow gas, shallow water flow, and natural gas hydrates. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] During drilling operations, complex accidents such as gas invasion and overflow are prone to occur. [ 6 ]
Patterson Drilling Company was founded in 1978 by Cloyce Talbott and Glenn Patterson. [1] UTI Energy was formed in 1986 to purchase Universal Well Services, Union Supply Company, Triad Drilling Company, and International Petroleum Services Company. In 2001, Patterson Drilling acquired UTI Energy and renamed the company Patterson-UTI Energy. [3]
Mobile drilling rig mounted on a truck. In early oil exploration, drilling rigs were semi-permanent in nature and the derricks were often built on site and left in place after the completion of the well. In more recent times drilling rigs are expensive custom-built machines that can be moved from well to well.
The ban on shallow water drilling was lifted in May 2010. However, new regulations imposed on shallow water drilling have slowed the issuance of permits for new shallow water wells. [3] Shallow water operators have called this permit slowdown a "de facto moratorium" that has forced them to idle rig workers and decrease production. [4]
States require a drilling permit before a well begins drilling. Requirements to receive drilling permits generally include minimum setbacks from lease or unit boundaries, and adequate casing and cementing programs. States generally require permits for or notices of major work done on a well, and periodic reports of oil and gas produced.
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