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An aulos (plural auloi; [1] Ancient Greek: αὐλός, plural αὐλοί [2]) or tibia was a wind instrument in ancient Greece, often depicted in art and also attested by archaeology.
Marsyas receiving Apollo's punishment, İstanbul Archaeology Museum. In Greek mythology, the satyr Marsyas (/ ˈ m ɑːr s i ə s /; Ancient Greek: Μαρσύας) is a central figure in two stories involving music: in one, he picked up the double oboe that had been abandoned by Athena and played it; [1] [2] in the other, he challenged Apollo to a contest of music and lost his hide and life.
Competition between Apollo and Marsyas, around 330 BCE. from Mantineia, National Archaeological Museum, Athens MNA 216. In Greek mythology, Athena was thought to be the inventor of the aulos, with which, according to the poet Pindar, she imitated the funeral dirge of the Gorgons after the beheading of her mortal sister Medusa and gave it as a gift to humans for this purpose. [6]
In Greek mythology, a satyr [a] (Ancient Greek: σάτυρος, romanized: sátyros, pronounced), also known as a silenus [b] or silenos (Ancient Greek: σειληνός, romanized: seilēnós [seːlɛːnós]), and sileni (plural), is a male nature spirit with ears and a tail resembling those of a horse, as well as a permanent, exaggerated erection.
A female aulos-player entertains men at a symposium on this Attic red-figure bell-krater, c. 420 BC. A skolion (from Ancient Greek: σκόλιον) (pl. skolia), also scolion (pl. scolia), was a song sung by invited guests at banquets in ancient Greece.
Greek musical instruments were grouped under the general term "all developments from the original construction of a tortoise shell with two branching horns, having also a cross piece to which the stringser from an original three to ten or even more in the later period, like the Byzantine era". Greek musical instruments can be classified into ...
Attic relief (4th century BCE) depicting an aulos player and his family standing before Dionysos and a female consort, with theatrical masks displayed above. The dithyramb (/ ˈ d ɪ θ ɪ r æ m /; [1] Ancient Greek: διθύραμβος, dithyrambos) was an ancient Greek hymn sung and danced in honor of Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility; the term was also used as an epithet of the god. [2]
Another musical invention that came from Phrygia was the aulos, a reed instrument with two pipes. In classical Greek iconography Paris, a Trojan, is represented as non-Greek by his Phrygian cap, which was also worn by Mithras and survived into modern imagery as the "Liberty cap" of the American and French revolutionaries.