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During the Zhou dynasty, or earlier, peoples with haplogroup Q-M120 also contributed to the ethnogenesis of Han Chinese people. This haplogroup is implied to be spread across in the Eurasian steppe and north Asia since it is found among Cimmerians in Moldova and Bronze Age natives of Khövsgöl. But it is currently near-absent in these regions ...
These haplogroups account for 52.7% and 33.85% of those in the Northern Han, respectively. Haplogroup mtDNA D descend from Dravidian Haplogroup M mtdna is the modal mtDNA haplogroup among northern East Asians.
Haplogroup O-M122 (also known as Haplogroup O2 (formerly Haplogroup O3)) is an Eastern Eurasian Y-chromosome haplogroup. The lineage ranges across Southeast Asia and East Asia, where it dominates the paternal lineages with extremely high frequencies. It is also significantly present in Central Asia, especially among the Naiman tribe of Kazakhs. [8]
Y-DNA haplogroup migration in East Asia. The tables below provide statistics on the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups most commonly found among ethnolinguistic groups and populations from East and South-East Asia .
Y Haplogroup C3b2b1* (C-M401*, (xF5483) has been identified as a possible marker of the Aisin Gioro (who were founders of the Qing dynasty) and is found in ten different ethnic minorities in northern China, but relatively rare in Han Chinese.
The mitochondrial-DNA haplogroups of the Han Chinese can be classified into the Northern East Asian-dominating haplogroups, including A, C, D, G, M8, M9, and Z, and the Southern East Asian-dominating haplogroups, including B, F, M7, N*, and R. [141] These haplogroups account for 52.7% and 33.85% of those in the Northern Han, respectively.
In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by specific mutations in the non-recombining portions of DNA on the male-specific Y chromosome (Y-DNA). Individuals within a haplogroup share similar numbers of short tandem repeats (STRs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). [ 2 ]
[citation needed] Although Haplogroup O-M119 occurs only at an average frequency of approximately 4% among Han populations of northern China and peoples of southwestern China and Southeast Asia who speak Tibeto-Burman languages, the frequency of this haplogroup among the Han populations of southern China nearly quadruples to about 15-23%. [10]