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Ascophyllum nodosum is an autotroph, meaning that it makes its own food by photosynthesis, like other plants and algae. The air bladders on A. nodosum serve as a flotation device, which allows sunlight to reach the plant better, aiding photosynthesis. [6] Epiphytic red algae on knotted wrack at Roscoff, France
Traditionally the phylogeny of microorganisms, such as the algal groups discussed above, was inferred and their taxonomy established based on studies of morphology. However developments in molecular phylogenetics have allowed the evolutionary relationship of species to be established by analyzing their DNA and protein sequences. [ 59 ]
These mutants are useful tools for studying a variety of biological processes, including flagellar motility, photosynthesis, and protein synthesis. Since Chlamydomonas species are normally haploid, the effects of mutations are seen immediately without further crosses. In 2007, the complete nuclear genome sequence of C. reinhardtii was published ...
Chemical structure of tetrafucol A, a fucol-type phlorotannin found in the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum Durvillaea antarctica, a brown algae containing phlorotannins. Phlorotannins are a type of tannins found in brown algae such as kelps and rockweeds [ 1 ] or sargassacean species, [ 2 ] and in a lower amount also in some red algae . [ 3 ]
The origin of the chloroplasts from green algae is supported by their pigmentation, which includes chlorophylls a and b, and by genetic similarities. The only other groups of algae that contain nucleomorphs are a few species of dinoflagellates , which also have plastids originating from green algae, [ 6 ] and the cryptomonads , which acquired ...
Marine algae can be divided into six groups: green, red and brown algae, euglenophytes, dinoflagellates and diatoms. Dinoflagellates and diatoms are important components of marine algae and have their own sections below. Euglenophytes are a phylum of unicellular flagellates with only a few marine members. Not all algae are microscopic.
The brown algae, including familiar seaweeds like wrack and kelp, are major autotrophs of the intertidal and subtidal marine habitats. [31] Some of the bacterivorous stramenopiles, such as Cafeteria, are common and widespread consumers of bacteria, and thus play a major role in recycling carbon and nutrients within microbial food webs. [32] [33]
Most of the genes that moved to the host cell involved protein synthesis, leaving behind a compact genome with mostly single-copy “housekeeping” genes (affecting transcription, translation, protein folding and degradation and splicing) and no mobile elements. The genome contains 513 genes, 465 of which code for protein.