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Fake news or information disorder is false or misleading information (misinformation, disinformation, propaganda, and hoaxes) claiming the aesthetics and legitimacy of news. [1] Fake news often has the aim of damaging the reputation of a person or entity , [ 2 ] or making money through advertising revenue.
In order to distinguish between similar terms, including misinformation and malinformation, scholars collectively agree on the definitions for each term as follows: (1) disinformation is the strategic dissemination of false information with the intention to cause public harm; [24] (2) misinformation represents the unintentional spread of false ...
Spreading false information can also seriously impede the effective and efficient use of the information available on social media. [124] An emerging trend in the online information environment is "a shift away from public discourse to private, more ephemeral, messaging ", which is a challenge to counter misinformation.
The systems put in place to moderate its platforms make too many mistakes, Zuckerberg stated. Meta introduced its fact-checking program in 2016 as part of an effort to curb misinformation.
Fake news websites are those which intentionally, but not necessarily solely, publish hoaxes and disinformation for purposes other than news satire.Some of these sites use homograph spoofing attacks, typosquatting and other deceptive strategies similar to those used in phishing attacks to resemble genuine news outlets.
Critics argue that the model fails to address other reasons why individuals believe false information, such as the illusory truth effect (repeated statements receive higher truth ratings than new statements). [4] In fact, in one study, participants failed to rely on stored knowledge and instead relied on repeated false statements. [4]
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[46] There is evidence that false information "cascades" travel farther, faster, and more broadly than truthful information, perhaps due to novelty and emotional loading. [48] Trying to fight a many-headed hydra of disinformation may be less effective than raising awareness of how disinformation works and how to identify it, before an attack ...