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  2. Observer-expectancy effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer-expectancy_effect

    The observer-expectancy effect [a] is a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence the participants of an experiment. Confirmation bias can lead to the experimenter interpreting results incorrectly because of the tendency to look for information that conforms to their hypothesis, and ...

  3. Observer bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_bias

    Research has shown that in the presence of observer bias in outcome assessment, it is possible for treatment effect estimates to be exaggerated by between a third to two-thirds, symbolising significant implications on the validity of the findings and results of studies and procedures. [1]

  4. Manipulation check - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipulation_check

    In experiments, an experimenter manipulates some aspect of a process or task and randomly assigns subjects to different levels of the manipulation ("experimental conditions"). The experimenter then observes whether variation in the manipulated variables cause differences in the dependent variable. Manipulation checks are targeted at variables ...

  5. Blinded experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinded_experiment

    Social science research is particularly prone to observer bias, so it is important in these fields to properly blind the researchers. In some cases, while blind experiments would be useful, they are impractical or unethical. Blinded data analysis can reduce bias, but is rarely used in social science research. [39]

  6. Observer effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_effect

    Observer-expectancy effect, a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to unconsciously influence the participants of an experiment; Observer bias, a detection bias in research studies resulting for example from an observer's cognitive biases

  7. Demand characteristics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_characteristics

    Minimize interpersonal contact between the researcher and the participant: Reduces experimenter expectancy effect. Use a between-subjects design rather than a within-subjects design : The central tendency of a social group can affect ratings of its intragroup variability in the absence of social identity concerns.

  8. Category:Experimental bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Experimental_bias

    Bias that is introduced at some stage during experimentation or reporting of research. It is often introduced by, or alleviated by, the experimental design . Pages in category "Experimental bias"

  9. Subject-expectancy effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject-expectancy_effect

    In scientific research and psychotherapy, the subject-expectancy effect, is a form of reactivity that occurs when a research subject expects a given result and therefore unconsciously affects the outcome, or reports the expected result.